Cooked rice and/or soya beans that have been inoculated with a fermentation culture with the Latin name Aspergillus oryzae, used to make popular fermented foods like soya sauce, miso, mirin and sake.
Known in English as kelp, this sea vegetable (Laminaria japonica) is prized for is ability to enhance the flavour of food with the savoury taste umami. It is used to make the traditional Japanese stock dashi.
This starch is made from the root of the kudzu vine (Pueraria lobata), and can be used to thicken stews, sauces, gravies and desserts, as well as having a number of medicinal uses.